May - the USA responds by launching its own Apollo missions, and Alan Shepard becomes the first American in space. The USA launches Discovery XIV - the first satellite equipped with a spy camera In response, the Soviets then launched Luna 2 at the moon The USSR launches Luna 1 - the first man-made object to orbit the sunįollowing the launch of the USSR's Luna 1 the USA sent Pioneer 4 to do a fly-past of the Moon The USA deploys Polaris submarines capable of launching nuclear missiles close to the shore of the USSR Launch of the first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), a rocket capable of carrying an atomic warhead for thousands of miles Sputnik 2 was launched later that year and carried a small dog named Laika – the first living animal in space The USSR launches Sputnik 1 - the world’s first telecommunications satellite. The USA publishes its Doctrine of Massive Retaliation stating that any attack on the USA or its allies would be met with incredible destructive force The USA successfully tests the first Hydrogen bomb, 2500 times more powerful than the atomic bomb The UK carries out nuclear tests in Western Australia ![]() The USSR’s first successful atomic bomb test ends American nuclear monopoly USA drops atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki This nuclear arms race was matched by similar competition over space and the race to the moon. As the Cold War developed, the theory of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) took shape, which said that the existence of such massive nuclear weapons meant that a future World War could end life on earth. It finally succeeded in 1949 and this began a nuclear arms race, with both sides racing to develop more and bigger bombs. But ever since the USA had dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in 1945, the USSR had been even more determined to develop its own nuclear weapons. ![]() For a long time, the USSR had been aware of the atomic bomb’s possibilities. To this end, I will look at numerous space achievements: Sputnik, Yuri Gagarins flight in space, and the Apollo 11 moon mission, as well as how these Cold War.
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